In four articles published in previous issues of the journal (N 3, 4 for 2010 and N 1, 2 for 2011), based on extensive material, a hypothesis was proposed for three scenarios (models) of convergent transition from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic in Africa and Eurasia as a result of the evolutionary development of autochthonous Middle Paleolithic industries. This article deals with the problem of the formation of a modern anatomical human species and its behavior in the Upper Pleistocene. In Africa and Eurasia, not only the transition from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic took place according to three different scenarios, but also the formation of a modern anatomical type of man in the chronological interval 200-40 thousand years AGO. As a result of these processes, the polytypic species Homo sapiens sapiens sensu lato was formed from four subspecies: Homo sapiens africaniensis (Africa), Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (Europe), Homo sapiens orientalensis (East and Southeast Asia), and Homo sapiens altaiensis (Southern Siberia, Central Asia). Key words: modern behavior, symbolism, Homo erectus. Introduction Researchers dealing with the problems of anthropogenesis have no doubt that the ancestral homeland of humanity is Africa. It is here that the ancestral forms of man - Australopithecine, as well as the oldest stone tools aged 2.6 and 2.5 million years-were found. After 1.8 million years AGO, the earliest human populations began to leave Africa and settle in Eurasia. More complex and controversial is the question of where the formation of a modern anatomical human species took place. There are two alternative points of view on this problem. The first hypothesis is that Homo sapiens sapiens was formed in Africa and spread to all other continents [Stringer and Andrews, 1988; Stringer, 1992; et al.]. According to the second hypothesis, the initial settlement of Eurasia by Homo ergaster - Homo erectus from Africa began after 1.8 million years AGO and later in different ... Read more