In this article, a hypothetical scenario of a full-scale nuclear war is examined, and the potential of various countries to survive under conditions of a global catastrophe is assessed. Based on an analysis of scientific research and expert assessments, the key factors determining the ability of a state and its population to endure a nuclear conflict and the ensuing nuclear winter are reconstructed. Special attention is given to researchers' conclusions that only a limited number of countries, mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere, possess the necessary conditions for preserving agricultural production and social stability in the post-apocalyptic period.

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